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If you search with a domain or an URL from your browser, a website comes in front of you. But have you ever thought about how a website comes in front of you within a few seconds? It happens through a process called DNS (Domain Name System). So let’s try to know what DNS is and how it works.

What is DNS?

Every website has two common identities and they are domain and IP address. When you think of the name of a website, you probably think of a URL, like itnuthosting.com But your computer or laptop is not known with the domain, they are known with the IP address, like 32.172.18.41. You perhaps can’t keep track of all these numbers, but your computer can do it. In the case of every single live website, an IP address is assigned for a domain, and these data are stored in a DNS server. For each new website, your computer needs to ask for the right IP address by a system called DNS, or Domain Name System.

How DNS works?

When you type a new URL or domain name, your computer asks a DNS server to find a certain IP address. The request is sent by a distributed hierarchy of servers. Each of which may or may not be able to fill the request of the query, often simply pointing the request in the right direction. Until the correct IP address is found this process will run continuously. If the correct IP address is found for the particular domain then it will ‍send a request to the webserver and you will see the website. Or it does not find any IP address for the domain, you will see an error message from the particular domain server.

Phases of DNS

There are 3 phases of DNS

  • DNS Query,
  • DNS Server, and
  • DNS Record

DNS Queries

A DNS query (DNS request) is needed to get the information sent from a user’s computer (DNS client) to a DNS server. In most cases, a DNS request is sent to ask for the IP address linked with a domain name. This process actually works to get the IP address linked to that domain.

There are 3 types of DNS queries:

  • Recursive,
  • Iterative, and
  • Non-recursive

DNS Server

DNS means the large-scale information system that holds IP addresses, domain names, hosting, and other information across every site on the Internet. The IP address was only the way to access a website before the is was built. DNS records are working as instructions for the DNS server, so it knows which IP address is assigned for the domain. DNS records contain a large number of different syntaxes and commands for how the server should answer the request.

There are 3 types of DNS Server

  • DNS Resolver,
  • DNS Root Server, and
  • Authoritative Name Server

DNS Record

DNS means the large-scale information system that holds IP addresses, domain names, hosting, and other information across every site on the Internet. The IP address was only the way to access a website before the is was built. DNS records are working as instructions for the DNS server, so it knows which IP address is assigned for the domain. DNS records contain a large number of different syntaxes and commands for how the server should answer the request.

There are 12 types of common DNS records

  • A,
  • AAAA,
  • CNAME,
  • MX,
  • PTR,
  • NS,
  • SRV,
  • SOA,
  • TXT,
  • CAA,
  • DS, and
  • DNSKEY.

Now, you have an idea about DNS and how it works, as well as be familiar with technical concepts relating to IP addresses. There is more to talk about DNS but we just want to give you a basic idea about DNS. That’s it.

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